| | Car classification From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article or section has multiple issues. Please help improve the article or discuss these issues on the talk page. It does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve it by citing reliable sources. Tagged since September 2007. It has been suggested that Car body style be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories or do not fit well into any. Not all car types are common in all countries and names for the same vehicle can differ by region. Furthermore, some descriptions may be interpreted differently in different places. Broadly speaking, there are a set of classifications which are widely understood in North America, and another set which are somewhat understood in English-speaking contexts in Europe. Some terms borrowed from non-English languages may have different meanings when used in their native language.Contents [hide] 1 Classification systems 2 Microcar 3 Hatchbacks, saloons (sedans) and estate cars (station wagons) 3.1 City car 3.2 Supermini/subcompact car 3.3 Small family car/compact car 3.4 Large family car/mid-size car 3.5 Full-size car/large car 3.6 Compact executive car/entry-level luxury car 3.7 Executive car/mid-luxury car 3.8 Full-size car 4 Sports cars and grand tourers 4.1 Hot hatch / sport compact 4.2 Sports saloon / sports sedan 4.3 Sports car 4.4 Grand tourer 4.5 Supercar 4.6 Muscle car 4.7 Pony car 5 Convertible 6 Off-roaders 6.1 Sport utility vehicle 6.2 Crossover SUV 7 Multi-purpose vehicles / Minivans 8 Van, camper, RV, minibus etc. 9 Car Show Class Definitions 10 See also 11 References 12 External links [edit] Classification systems The following are the most commonly used classifications. Where applicable, the equivalent Euro NCAP classifications are shown. Car rental companies often use the ACRISS Car Classification Code. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has another set of classification rules based on interior passenger and cargo volumes.[1] A similar set of classes is used by the Canadian EPA.[2] In Australia, the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries publishes its own classifications.[3] This article may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (August 2008) Car classification American English British English Segment (used in Europe) Euro NCAP class Examples Microcar Microcar, Bubble car - - BMW Isetta, Smart Fortwo - City car A-segment Supermini Daewoo Matiz, Renault Twingo, Toyota Aygo, VW Lupo Subcompact car Supermini B-segment Hyundai Accent, Ford Fiesta, Opel Corsa, Suzuki Swift Compact car Small family car C-segment Small family car Ford Focus, Toyota Corolla, Opel Astra, VW Golf Mid-size car Large family car D-segment Large family car Ford Mondeo, Opel Vectra, Toyota Avensis, VW Passat Entry-level luxury car Compact executive car Audi A4, BMW 3 Series, Mercedes C-Class Full-size car Executive car E-segment Executive car Ford Crown Victoria, Holden Commodore, Opel Omega Mid-size luxury car Audi A6, BMW 5 Series, Mercedes E-Class Full-size luxury car Luxury car F-segment - Audi A8, BMW 7 Series, Mercedes S-Class Sports car Sports car - - Chevrolet Corvette C6, Porsche 911 Grand tourer Grand tourer - - Jaguar XK, Maserati GranTurismo Supercar Supercar - - Bugatti Veyron, Ferrari Enzo Convertible Convertible - - Mercedes CLK, Volvo C70, VW Eos Roadster Roadster - Roadster sports Audi TT, BMW Z4, Porsche Boxster - Leisure activity vehicle B-segment Small MPV Peugeot Partner, koda Roomster - Mini MPV B-segment Opel Meriva, Fiat Idea, Ford Fusion Compact minivan Compact MPV, Midi MPV C-segment Mazda5, Opel Zafira, Renault Scnic, VW Touran Minivan Large MPV D-segment Large MPV Ford Galaxy, Toyota Previa, Renault Espace Mini SUV Mini 4x4 B-segment Small Off-Road 4x4 Daihatsu Terios, Mitsubishi Pajero iO , Suzuki Jimny Compact SUV Compact 4x4 C/D-segment Honda CR-V, BMW X3, Ford Escape, Toyota RAV4 - Coup SUV C/D-segment - Isuzu VehiCROSS, SsangYong Actyon, BMW X6 Mid-size SUV Large 4x4 E-segment Large Off-Road 4x4 Ford Explorer, BMW X5, Jeep Grand Cherokee, VW Touareg Full-size SUV F-segment Cadillac Escalade, Chevrolet Suburban, Range Rover, Toyota Land Cruiser Pickup truck Pick-up - Pick-up Ford F-150, Mitsubishi Triton/L200, Nissan Navara [edit] Microcar Smart ForTwo Main articles: Microcar and Bubble car Straddling the boundary between car and motorbike, these vehicles have engines under 1.
ニュージーランドの衝撃再建者 0 litre, typically seat only two passengers, and are sometimes unorthodox in construction. Some microcars are three-wheelers, while the majority have four wheels. Microcars were popular in post-war Europe, where their appearance led them to be called "Bubble cars". A descendant of the microcar is the modern Smart Fortwo. Examples of microcars: Isetta Messerschmitt microcar Subaru 360 [edit] Hatchbacks, saloons (sedans) and estate cars (station wagons) Main articles: Hatchback, Sedan (car), and Station Wagon [edit] City car Main articles: City car and Kei car A city car is a small automobile intended for use in urban areas. Unlike microcars, a city car's greater speed, capacity and (in perception at least) occupant protection are safer in mixed traffic environments and weather conditions. While city cars can reach highway speeds, that is not their intended use. In Japan, city cars are called kei cars. Kei cars have to meet strict size and engine requirements: engines have a maximum displacement of 660 cm³ and the car's length must be under 3400 mm. Examples of kei cars: Suzuki Alto Daihatsu Mira (Cuore or Charade in some export markets) Honda Beat Examples of city cars: Fiat Cinquecento Ford Ka Chevrolet Spark [edit] Supermini/subcompact car Ford Fiesta (1995-1999 model) Main articles: Supermini car and Subcompact car This class is known as supermini in Europe, subcompact in North America. Superminis have three, four or five doors and are designed to seat four passengers comfortably. Current supermini hatchbacks are approximately 3900 mm long, while saloons and estate cars are around 4200 mm long. In Europe, the first superminis were the Fiat 500 of 1957 and the Austin Mini of 1959. Today, superminis are some of the best selling vehicles in Europe. In Australia, the motoring press tends to distinguish between a light car such as the Daihatsu Charade or early models of the Holden Barina, and slightly larger models such as the Ford Fiesta which is considered to be a small car. As the general size of vehicles in this class has gradually increased, the category of light car has almost disappeared. Examples of superminis / subcompact cars: Ford Fiesta Fiat Punto Volkswagen Polo This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Superminis". [edit] Small family car/compact car Main articles: Small family car and Compact car Small family/compact cars refer to the longest hatchbacks and saloons and estate cars with similar size. They are approximately 4250 mm long in case of hatchbacks and 4500 mm in the case of saloons and estate cars. Compact cars have room for five adults and usually have engines between 1.4 and 2.2 liters. These are the most popular vehicles in most developed countries. Examples of hatchback small family cars/compact cars: Ford Focus Toyota Corolla Volkswagen Golf This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Small Family Cars". In Australia, this class is generally referred to as being small-medium sized cars. [edit] Large family car/mid-size car Main articles: Large family car and Mid-size car Large family/mid-size cars have room for five adults and a large trunk (boot). Engines are more powerful than small family/compact cars and six-cylinder engines are more common than in smaller cars. Car sizes vary from region to region; in Europe, large family cars are rarely over 4700 mm long, while in North America and Australasia they may be well over 4800 mm. Examples of large family cars/mid-size cars: Ford Mondeo Citroen C5 Volkswagen Passat This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Large Family Cars". These are known in Australia as Medium sized cars. [edit] Full-size car/large car Lincoln Town Car Main article: Full-size car This term is used most in North America and Australia where it refers to the largest saloons on the market. Full-size cars may be well over 5000 mm long and are the roomiest vehicles. Examples of full-size cars: Chrysler 300/Dodge Charger Ford Crown Victoria Toyota Avalon [edit] Compact executive car/entry-level luxury car Main articles: Compact executive car and D-Segment These are luxurious equivalents to large family cars and compact cars. Powerful six- and eight-cylinder engines are common, but rear seat room and boot space are more reduced than in "non-luxury" models since the extra room is needed to accommodate the larger engine. Examples of compact executive cars / entry-level luxury cars: BMW 3 Series Lexus IS Jaguar X-Type This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Large Family Cars".
ここで、iは、クーパータイヤをオンラインで購入することができます [edit] Executive car/mid-luxury car Main article: Executive car An executive car or mid-luxury car is larger than a compact executive car/entry-level luxury car. They are usually very roomy, powerful and luxurious, making them more expensive than "standard" saloons. Examples of executive cars/mid-luxury cars: Audi A6 Jaguar XF Mercedes-Benz E Class This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Executive Cars". [edit] Full-size car See also: Luxury vehicle A full-size car is typically a four-door saloon. These are the most powerful saloons, with eight and twelve-cylinder engines and have more equipment than smaller models. Examples of full-size cars: BMW 7 Series Lexus LS Mercedes-Benz S-Class This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Executive Cars". [edit] Sports cars and grand tourers [edit] Hot hatch / sport compact Main articles: Hot hatch and Sport compact A hot hatch or sport compact is a high-performance small car, usually a hatchback, based on standard superminis or small family cars with improved performance, handling and styling. Hot hatches are very popular in Europe, and originated from the original Volkswagen Golf GTI. In North America, sport compacts are usually sold as saloons or coups rather than hatchbacks. Examples of sport compacts: Dodge SRT-4 Nissan Sentra V-spec Subaru Impreza WRX STi Examples of hot hatches: Citroen Saxo VTR Honda Civic Type R Volkswagen Golf GTI [edit] Sports saloon / sports sedan Main article: Sports saloon These are high performance versions of saloons. Sometimes originally homologated for production based motorsports (touring cars) and like regular saloons, seats four or five people. Examples of sports saloons/sedans: BMW M5 Dodge Charger SRT-8 Ford Mondeo ST200 [edit] Sports car A Honda NSX Main article: Sports car This small lightweight class combines performance and handling. Often inspired by racing vehicles, this class ranges from sporty vehicles such as the Mazda Miata/MX-5 to derivatives of true racing thoroughbreds such as the Lotus Elise. Examples of sports cars: Chevrolet Corvette MG T-type Porsche 911 [edit] Grand tourer Jaguar XK8 Main article: Grand tourer Larger, more powerful and heavier than sports cars, these vehicles typically have a FR layout and seating for four passengers (2+2). These are more expensive than sports cars but not expensive as supercars. Some grand tourers are hand-built. Examples of grand tourers: Aston Martin DB9 Maserati Coup Toyota Supra [edit] Supercar Lamborghini Gallardo Main article: Supercar Supercars are ultra-high performance cars, typically very expensive, luxurious and exceptionally fast. Supercars typically contain cutting-edge technology and are usually assembled by hand. They may also be halo cars, for either their own marque, or a related marque within a larger automotive group. Examples of supercars: Bugatti Veyron Ferrari Enzo Porsche Carrera GT [edit] Muscle car Main article: Muscle car The muscle car term refers to a variety of high-performance vehicles, mainly affordable 2-door rear wheel drive mid-size cars with powerful V8 engines, that were most often made in the United States.[4][5] Although opinions vary, it is generally accepted that classic muscle cars were produced in the late 1960s and early 1970s.[6][7][8][9] Muscle cars were also produced in Australia and other nations. Examples of American muscle cars from the 1960s and 1970s: Ford Torino Plymouth Road Runner Pontiac GTO Examples of Australian muscle cars: Ford Falcon Holden Monaro Valiant Charger [edit] Pony car Main article: Pony car The pony car is a class of automobile launched and inspired by the Ford Mustang in 1964. It describes an affordable, compact, highly styled car with a sporty or performance-oriented image.[10][11] Examples of American pony cars (and some automotive journalists state that "Pony Cars are an expressly American creation")[12]: AMC Javelin Chevrolet Camaro Dodge Challenger [edit] Convertible Main articles: Convertible and Retractable hardtop A car that features a flexibly operating roof for open or enclosed mode driving. Also known as a cabriolet or roadster. Examples of convertibles: Honda S2000 Volkswagen Eos Volvo C70 [edit] Off-roaders Off-road vehicles, or "off-roaders" are sometimes referred to as "four wheel drives", "four by fours", or 4x4s — this sometimes happens colloquially in cases where certain models or even an entire range does not possess four-wheel drive.
Gショックカワサキ [edit] Sport utility vehicle Main article: Sport utility vehicle Jeep Commander Sport utility vehicles are off-road vehicles with four-wheel drive and true off-road capability. They most often feature high ground clearance and an upright, boxy body design. Examples of SUVs: Audi Q7 Land Rover Discovery Jeep Grand Cherokee This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Large Off-Roaders". [edit] Crossover SUV Main article: Crossover (automobile) Chrysler Pacifica Touring Crossover SUVs are derived from an automobile platform using a monocoque construction with light off-road capability and lower ground clearance than SUVs. They may be styled similar to conventional "off-roaders", or may be look similar to an estate car or station wagon. Examples of crossover SUVs: Audi A6 allroad Chevrolet Equinox Toyota RAV4 This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Small Off-Roaders". [edit] Multi-purpose vehicles / Minivans Main article: Minivan Also known as "people carriers", this class of cars resembles tall estate cars. Larger MPVs may have seating for up to eight passengers. (Beyond that size, similar vehicles tend to be derived from vans (see below) and in Europe are called minibuses.) Being taller than a family car improves visibility for the driver (while reducing visibility for other road users) and may help access for the elderly or disabled. They also offer more seats and increased load capacity than hatchbacks or estate cars. Citron Xsara Picasso Examples of mini MPVs: Daihatsu Grand Move Nissan Note Vauxhall Meriva Examples of compact MPVs: Chrysler PT Cruiser Fiat Multipla Ford C-MAX Both categories are equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Small MPVs". Dodge Grand Caravan Examples of large MPVs / minivans: Chrysler Voyager Ford Galaxy Toyota Sienna This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "MPVs". [edit] Van, camper, RV, minibus etc. Main article: Van American conversion van Interior of above conversion van, showing large interior area (Seating removed for clarity) In some countries, the term "van" can refer to a small panel van based on a passenger car design (often the estate model / station wagon); it also refers to light trucks, which themselves are sometimes based on SUVs or MPVs. (But note that those retaining seats and windows, while being larger and more utilitarian than MPVs, may be called "minibuses".) The term is also used in the term "camper van" (or just "camper") — equivalent to a North American recreational vehicle (RV). In the United States, the term "van" refers to vehicles that, like European minibuses, are even larger than large MPVs and are rarely seen being driven for domestic purposes — except for "conversion vans". These possess extremely large interior space and are often more intended for hauling cargo than people. Most vans use body-on-frame construction and are thus suitable for extensive modification and coachwork, known as conversion. Conversion vans are often quite luxurious, boasting comfortable seats, soft rides, built-in support for electronics such as television sets, and other amenities. The more elaborate conversion vans straddle the line between cars and recreational vehicles. Examples of North American "vans": Dodge Ram Van Ford E-Series GMC Savana Examples of European "vans": Ford Transit Volkswagen Transporter Mercedes-Benz Sprinter [edit] Car Show Class Definitions A different classification system is used for purposes of differentiating vehicles in most car shows. While there is little doubt about the definition of classes that are self-described such as "Mustang" or "Firebird", there is often confusion about the definition of classes that are not as readily understood. The following classes are often used in car shows across America - the definitions are determined either by state regulations, the National Street Rod Association, or have been gathered from other reliable sources: Street Rod —A motor vehicle, or a reproduction thereof, with a model year of 1948 or older which has been materially altered or modified by the removal, addition or substitution of essential parts and with a gross weight or registered gross weight of not more than 9,000 pounds. Classic motor vehicle —A motor vehicle, but not a reproduction thereof, at least 30 years old, not materially altered or modified by the removal, addition or substitution of essential parts except that such parts represent the original Hot Rod - Any car rebuilt or modified for higher speed, faster acceleration, or a sportier look. Many automobiles may be called hot rods, including some used in drag racing.
They may be composed of used or newly fabricated parts. Can be a kit car. Custom car - a factory-built vehicle that has been modified in either to improve its performance, often by altering or replacing the engine and transmission, or it may be a personal design by the builder, making the car look unique and unlike any car that might have been factory built. Though distinct from hot rods there is debate among customizers and rodders as to where the line should be drawn. A Custom Car cannot be a kit car, as a kit car is not a factory-built vehicle that has been modified from the original configuration. Antique motor vehicle — A motor vehicle, but not a reproduction thereof, at least 25 years old, which has been maintained in or restored to a condition which is substantially in conformity with manufacturer specifications and appearance. Special Interest - a vehicle uniquely distinguishable from the usual, and/or designed for a particular purpose (i.e. fire truck, MASH jeep, tank, surf wagon, bus, race cars etc.) which would peak the interest of the public at large because of its uniqueness or specialty function. Kit car - any vehicle that is created primarily from kit or prefabricated parts, and is a reproduction or replica. An original factory-built vehicle that utilizes prefabricated fiberglass body units to replace worn/damaged original parts is not a kit car. Brass Era Car - beginning with the first horseless carriages, named for the brass fittings used for such things as lights and radiators. Starting with the first commercial automobiles of the 1890s to about 1918-19. Includes most Edwardian cars Veteran Car - any motor vehicle built prior to 1905 Edwardian Car - any vehicle built from 1905 - 1918. Includes all brass era cars Vintage Car - commonly defined as a car built between 1919 and 1930. The Classic Car Club of America prefers 1925 since it is the pre-classic car period. Pre-War - beginning with the Great Depression in 1930 and ending after WWII, usually placed at 1948 [edit] See also ACRISS Car Classification Code Automobile Car safety and road safety Car body style Three wheeled car Truck classification Vehicle size class [edit] References ^ How are vehicle size classes defined? FuelEconomy.gov, part of the U.S. Department of Energy ^ CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999 Canada Gazette ^ VFACTS Motor Vehicle Classifications and Definitions Australian FCAI - Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries ^ Koch, Jeff. "The First Muscle Car: Older Than You" Hemmings Muscle Machines - October 1, 2004, retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ The Merriam-Webster definition: "any of a group of American-made 2-door sports coupes with powerful engines designed for high-performance driving."car "muscle car." Merriam-Webster Online, retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ "Muscle Car Definition" Muscle Car Club Muscle, undated, retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ Sherman, Don. "Muscle Cars Now Worth Millions" The New York Times, June 4, 2006, retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ Classic Muscle Cars Library, How Stuff Works, undated, retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ "Muscle Car Definition" by Muscle Car Society, undated, retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ Gunnell, John (2005). American Cars of The 1960s: A Decade of Diversity. Krause Publications. pp. 47–50. ISBN 978-0896891319. ^ "Pony Car History" undated, retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ Roy, Rex. "Car culture: A child's Pony Car education essential" The Detroit News, February 27, 2008, retrieved on 2008-06-30.
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